An Intoxicating Trip Into Madness - 1008 Words

Joseph Vaikness Dr. Angel ENGL 1301.P21 30 Sept. 2016 An Intoxicating Trip into Madness FUTURE, DS2 After breaking out into the mainstream in 2012 and 2013 with hits like â€Å"Tony Montana† and â€Å"Turn on the Lights,† 2014 was a rough year for Future. The autotuned, Atlanta rapper saw his second full-length commercial release, â€Å"Honest,† perform weakly on the charts and alienate his original fanbase. The Atlanta hip hop scene felt it was too commercialized, the project being loaded with every trending producer and big name feature, and that it drifted too far away from what made Future’s music compelling in the first place. On top of this, his high profile relationship with RB star, Ciara, saw its end shortly after â€Å"Honest† was released. Rumors of infidelity circulated. Starting in October, 2014, Future released a bevy of acclaimed mixtapes (Monster, Beast Mode, 56 Nights) over the course of six months. Having moved back to Atlanta from LA and working with producers with whom he came up with, these mixtapes resonated deeply with his initial fan base. By the time summer 2015 rolled in, the demand for â€Å"Dirty Sprite 2† was like that of a freshly shaken two liter. Upon release â€Å"DS2† was a smash on the hip hop charts, topping out at number 1 overall on Billboard on its way to becoming certified platinum. Undeniably, Future Hendrix succeeded commercially. Thankfully, the music is deserving of the commercial success. The overall aesthetic of the album is a big win. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Potent Mix Of Creativity And Madness2130 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The potent mix of creativity and madness is imposed on writers and creative artists by the randomness of a genetic dice roll, but many artists with healthy minds choose to accept the Faustian bargain and induce madness with drugs to reach new summits in their art.† (Fields, R. D) The destruction of a person of any intoxicating material can result in such beautiful outcomes. The human race has accepted their history and works because it’s their own choice by recreational intake, for productivityRead MoreA Person Of Any Intoxicating Material2092 Words   |  9 PagesThe destruction of a person of any intoxicating material can result in such beautiful outcomes. The human race has accepted their history and works because it is their own choice by recreational intake, for productivity, and self-medicating that has kept them alive for us to view their own life and such mentality that some may learn from or even follow. Without the self-induced madness and without the people who tried self-treating the psychiatric illnesses, we would not have the colorful historyRead MoreComparing Fyodor Dostoevsky s The Gambler And The Beautiful And Damned 3470 Words   |  14 Pageswhat he used to be and everything he detests about society. Much like Alexey, Dostoevsky h ad been madly in love with a â€Å"demonic† women named Polina, and the psychology of obsession and intoxicating humiliation described in the novel was also present in his own life. Dostoevsky became a compulsive gambler during his trip across Europe as Alexey did in Roulettenburg in the novel. Not only were Dostoevsky’s experiences apart of the novel, but his beliefs are ever-present. His love for the extremes hadRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesof Edition II ala 2. á » gbà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥dà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥gbà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ alÄ  nwaà  nyà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ á » gbà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥dà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥gbà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ alÄ  n. (ala) –kpa onye alÄ  -pà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ ala -pà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ ala aghà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ghà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ -yà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ ala, -wà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ ala abnormally heavy, large and long breasts woman with abnormally large and heavy breasts madness be mad (lit. be moved with madness) mad person become mad; be mad: ÃÅ'ï€ ¬ nà  -apà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¥ alÄ ? Are you mad? pretend to be mad (in order to cheat or trick) be mad; become mad: á »Å' nà  -ayà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ alÄ  He is mad Arabic language, named after the phrase in Moslem prayers ’AllÄ hu ’akbar: á »Å' nà  -à  sá » ¥

The War Of The Roses And Ends With Last English - 1476 Words

Covering a period which starts with the Hundred Years War already in full swing, contains the start of the Wars of the Roses and ends with last English king to die in battle the level of participation of the aristocracy and the roles which they fulfilled is a natural continuation of the topic, especially given how kings can be lauded or vilified for their participation or non-participation in military matters but it was the nobility who functioned as military commanders or otherwise notable figures in the battles who had much greater military command, often give entirely to their discretion. Whether the role changed drastically during the hundred and fifty year period is debatable, as it what would constitute a drastic change and how it†¦show more content†¦There were fewer high level aristocrats who went along with the Black Prince’s chevauchee’s in France during the early 1350’s and more Knights of the Garter, which was an honour often bestowed on tho se who came from minor nobility but who rode with the Black Prince. However the first expedition in the period involved the Earls of Warwick, Oxford and Stafford as well as a number of knights and each of the three earls was placed in charge of a battalion and, rather than fighting any French they instead sacked the town of Languedoc. The next was 1359-60 where far more nobles, the Earls of Northampton, Warwick, Oxford, Suffolk and the Duke of Lancaster although all bar the Earl of Suffolk were dead by 1361. The amount of higher aristocracy The Battle of Agincourt had the Dukes of Gloucester and York present who were given command of sectors which suggests a continuing role for the aristocracy in battles. K.B McFarlane talks about ‘professional military contractors’ meaning the upper aristocracy with earls being the most numerous military leaders and, although he admits that the course of war allowed the odd man from the gentry to distinguish himself it was

Hass And Technology Digital Resource Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Hass And Technology Digital Resource. Answer: Learnings This particular course is based on teaching the learners the basics of Humanities and Social Sciences (HaSS). HaSS and Technology is defined as the subject that deals with the humanities and social sciences aspect of technology i.e. it is used to learn about the humanities and social sciences factors that affect the development and implementation of technology (Yow 2014). This particular subject is extremely important to determine the outcomes of many other courses although most people have the misconception that HaSS is only general studies and have no useful purpose. However, in reality, HaSS plays a very major role for the development and implementation of the new technology (Herrmann 2018). For instance, if the research and development of a new medicine depends on the study of pathogens and the antidotes, very few people realize that the entire research also uses humanities and social sciences to determine the nature and behavioral trends among the people affected by the particul ar disease (Monmonier 2015). In the learning area for the foundation year of this course, the students will be gradually taught basic history and geography as the course will be gradually upgraded to the study of technology. Reasons for Teaching the Learning Areas There are a large number of reasons for teaching the specific learning areas to the learners especially the Early Years Learners (EYL). As per the Au curriculum, the main aim of the school is to promote equity and excellence in each of the students as the subjects are taught to them throughout the course. The main goal is to teach the students such that each and every Australian becomes successful learners, creative and confident and finally active and informed citizens of the country. Before the learners move on to the courses of technology and development, they need to learn about the Humanities and Social Sciences in order to understand the impact and importance of the subjects on technology and its development. While HaSS has many high level importance and significance in other technical fields of study, the beginning level learners need to learn about the basics to get a head start on their future lessons (Weber 2017). This is why, most of the elementary schools start the learni ng courses with humanities and social science subjects other than literature and language studies. For this module as well, the same trend will be followed as the learners will be taught HaSS with special emphasis on history and geography. The beginners mainly need to learn history in order to learn about past civilizations, their cultures, religions, economy and most importantly technology. From the lessons about ancient technology, the learners can have a basic idea regarding the gradual progress and development of technology that will help them in future for studying technology as well as working on it to develop even more advanced technology (Mohammadi and Thelwall 2014). On the other hand, the beginners are taught geography so that they have the basic idea of various landscapes, climate, weather conditions and others around the world and how these factors affect the type and quality of life on earth. The learners will be able to have a clear idea on how the geographical conditi ons have affected the development of technology throughout the history of mankind. Knowledge and Understandings There is a lot of knowledge as well as understanding that is related to the curriculum learning areas (design and technology). In this curriculum, the beginning level learners will be taught these knowledge and understandings for their educational as well as personal development. However, throughout the curriculum, the learners need to get hold of various concepts and their applications on various subjects in order to gather sufficient amount of knowledge and understanding. The curriculum is designed by following the standard Australian curriculum and is aimed to make the students well learned and confident individuals in the near future. The learning starts from the foundation stage and it gradually culminates into advanced learning process where the students learn to use technology in a practical environment. The entire course curriculum has been designed such that it benefits the EYLs and hence, the entire course has been built based on EYLF (Early Years Learning Framework) (Grusi n 2015). The concepts and ideas to be taught in this curriculum have selected in such a way that the beginners are easily able to catch the ideas and grow on the same. For instance, in the EYLF, none of the students will be taught about European Dark Age or the landscape of the Pampas in South America. Rather the courses will mainly include early human history and basic knowledge of landscapes. These basic lessons will act as the building blocks for the development of the early year learners. The entire module will be completed in a number of phases. The main purpose of the phase division is that it is necessary to evaluate the knowledge and understanding gathered by the learners throughout the course of the curriculum (Eve and Willinsky 2015). The first phase will include the teaching phase where a number of sessions will be undertaken to incorporate the lessons to the learners. The method of teaching may vary on the special requirements of some of the learners. The next phase will include the questioning phase where during the sessions; the learners will be asked simple questions that are based on the lessons taught. The objective of these questions is to find out how much the student has been able to progress and gain knowledge on the lessons taught during the session. In case the progress is not satisfactory, the teaching phase will again be repeated for certain period of time (Miletzki and Broten 2017). The next phase includes self research phase where the learners will need to undertake minor research and learning that will help their personal development. Due to the limitations of EYLF, the requirements are very minor and the learners are only expected to find two or three pieces of information from their own research using reference books and materials. The final phase is the evaluation phase where the learners are needed to go through a series of evaluation processes where their learnings and understandings are assessed. This evaluation phase is under taken at the end of each learning module and includes assessment from the entire learning curriculum. Role of the Stages of Inquiry Based Learning Inquiry based learning is an effective method of teaching that has been accepted in a large number of learning centers around the world. This particular method requires complete involvement of the learners during the sessions and they need to interact with the teachers on a constant basis. There are generally four stages of inquiry based learning that play a significant role in the learning of design and technology by the learners. These four stages are explained as follows. Interaction In this stage, the learners are required to spend significant amount of time in suitable media to conduct personal research and study on the particular topic provided to them (Lee Jr and Wallerstein 2015). Furthermore, with extensive research, the curiosity of the students will gradually increase and they will seek to learn even more by interacting with various types of media. Whenever they are unable understand certain concepts, they will be able to interact with the teachers in order to know more about the particular concepts and ideas that they did not understand. Clarification Clarification stage follows the interaction stage when the student or learner asks for clarification on a certain topic or idea that they have recently learnt. There may be a topic that a learner can only partially understand and does not know to categorize or explain the idea to get the actual concept embedded into it (Ossenblok, Guns and Thelwall 2015). In this case, the student can interact with his teacher and discuss about clarification regarding the same idea. With an interactive session, the student will be able to classify the data and understand the idea fully. Questioning While preparing clarification of the ideas, some more ideas may develop in the head of the learner based on the original idea he gathered. With the growth of new ideas, some conceptual based questions will also start to develop inside the head of the learner that must be answered properly for his learning and understanding on the particular topic (Gregory 2017). In this case also, the learner will need to interact with the teacher who will be able to answer their questions and fulfill the students curiosity and quest for learning. Design Finally comes the design stage where the learner will be to apply the ideas and concepts he gathered during the learning course in order to develop a practical design of his own (Davis, Torr and Degotardi 2015). This phase is the most important phase of the learner when he learns the practical implementation of the ideas, which is quite essential during the studies of design and technology. Processes and production skills are required in the higher level design and technology courses that generally build up from the four stages of inquiry based learning phase. The skills define the competency of a student in the development, design and implementation of creative ideas that are most sought after in the field of design and technology (Akers 2017). Once the student learns to develop new ideas and implement them in design and technology, he will able to grow rapidly and establish his own designs and frameworks for new technology. Learning Connections Apparently, there are no learning connections between HaSS and Design Technology. However, with in-depth search, it can be seen that both of these learning areas are intricately intertwined with each other (Arthur et al. 2017). With HaSS, design and technology would not have been much developed and without design and technology, HaSS would have no practical use in all actuality. In order to understand the connections and relations between the two, it is required to identify the main components of the two learning areas (Neumann and Neumann 2014). While HaSS deals with various aspects of human society like history, economy, psychology and others, design and technology involves the development and implementation of various technologies that are required in the near future. However, for the development and implementation of the new technologies, it is important to know about its impacts on the human society and vice versa (Clements and Sarama 2014). HaSS acts as the building block need ed to build up to the competency in design and technology. Hence, in all elementary sessions and learning centers, the main lessons start with humanities and social sciences. Summary This particular course aims at educating the learners in the importance and significance of Humanities and Social Sciences on future and advanced studies of design and technology. Since it is a very broad subject, the focus will be specifically on History and Geography. Learning history is important in order to understand the trend of changes of a particular community or a group of people in terms of politics, economy, religion and others. This knowledge is important to analyze the current society as well as make suitable predictions for the future. On the other hand, geography is another important that needs to be learned for understanding various landscapes, weather effects and others. However, geography is not limited to landscape or weather, rather it also includes the effects of landscape, climate and weather on the people of various regions and hence, it is included in Humanities and Social Sciences course. References Akers, R., 2017. Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Routledge. Arthur, L., Beecher, B., Death, E., Dockett, S. and Farmer, S., 2017. Programming and Planning in Early Childhood Settings with Student Resource Access 12 Months. Cengage AU. Clements, D.H. and Sarama, J., 2014. Learning and teaching early math: The learning trajectories approach. Routledge. Davis, B., Torr, J. and Degotardi, S., 2015. Infants and toddlers: how visible are they in the Early Years Learning Framework?. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 9(1), p.12. Eve, M.P. and Willinsky, J., 2015. Open access in humanities and social sciences: Visions for the future of publishing. College Research Libraries News, 76(2), pp.88-91. Gregory, E. ed., 2017. One child, many worlds: Early learning in multicultural communities. Routledge. Grusin, R., 2015. The nonhuman turn. University of Minnesota Press. Herrmann, A.C., 2018. Theorizing feminism: Parallel trends in the humanities and social sciences. Routledge. Lee Jr, R.E. and Wallerstein, I., 2015. Overcoming the Two Cultures: Science Vs. the Humanities in the Modern World-system. Routledge. Miletzki, J. and Broten, N., 2017. Development as freedom. Macat Library. Mohammadi, E. and Thelwall, M., 2014. Mendeley readership altmetrics for the social sciences and humanities: Research evaluation and knowledge flows. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(8), pp.1627-1638. Monmonier, M., 2015. Mapping it out: expository cartography for the humanities and social sciences. University of Chicago Press. Neumann, M.M. and Neumann, D.L., 2014. Touch screen tablets and emergent literacy. Early Childhood Education Journal, 42(4), pp.231-239. Ossenblok, T.L., Guns, R. and Thelwall, M., 2015. Supplementary material to Book editors in the social sciences and humanities: an analysis of publication and collaboration patterns of established researchers in Flanders. Weber, M., 2017. Methodology of social sciences. Routledge. Yow, V.R., 2014. Recording oral history: A guide for the humanities and social sciences. Rowman Littlefield.

The finacial crisi of the French Revolution Essay Example For Students

The finacial crisi of the French Revolution Essay How Serious Was The Pre-Revolutionary Financial Crisis Between 1786-88, And How Significant Was The Clash Between The Notables And Calonne In FailingTo Solve It?On the twentieth of august 1786 Charles Alexandre de Calonne, comptroller-general of the royal finances, informed King Louis XVI that the state was on the verge of a financial meltdown. Whilst not having exact details to the financial figures to show the full extent of the problem, it is never the less recognized that France was in serious financial difficulty. What then did Calonne propose to sort this financial mess out? How was he to convince the King and the Notables that France was in financial danger and to give backing to his solutions? This essay will attempt to answer such questions by examining the financial crisis France was in and by looking at Calonnes proposals in which to solve it. We shall also examine his failure to convince the Notables and the steps to his acrimonious dismissal. We will write a custom essay on The finacial crisi of the French Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First then lets look at the financial situation: according to Calonnes calculations the total revenue for France in 1786 would amount to 475 million livres. The problem was though, that expenditure would come to a total of approximately 587 million livres. That meant a deficit of 112 million roughly a fifth of the entire annual revenue. This rise in deficit was due to a huge increase in state borrowing since 1777. As a result of the huge amounts of money the state was borrowing there was also the huge rise in the annual interest and repayments that the treasury had to dispurse. Indeed since 1777, Calonne claimed that ariubd 1,250 million livres had been borrowed. A lot of this borrowing was due to financing the various wars that French kings of the eighteenth century were prone to fighting. The last one, French involvement in the American Civil War between 1778-83, had a crippling effect on the economy and was substantial in rendering it down to the situation that Calonne had announ ced to Louis XVI. What then did the comptroller-general propose to do? To be fair to Calonne he was not lucky enough to have a myriad of options for him to work with. For instance it would be natural to think that in a time of economic crisis, an increase in tax would be an obvious step- yet not so for Calonne. France was already regarded as one of the most highly taxed states in Europe, and the average Frenchman was already feeling the burden of the Kings borrowing. French taxpayers were already victim of the infamous vingtieme which had risen three times over the course of thirty years. Yet it ended in 1786, which proved costly for the government and was yet another factor which Calonne had to consider in his re-juggling of the states finances. Another possibility for Calonne, that again was mostly out of the question, was to reduce public expenditure and shift the economies. For a start this was effectively a long term solution to Frances financial problem yet the short term deb ts were due to be paid back from 1787 onwards. The military, if reduced, would save a lot of money, yet it would come at a time of unrest and tension in Europe. Plus with such a strong international position and reputation, cutting costs on the French army was a strict no. Even if Calonne were to trim the expenditure of pensions, public works and other economies it wouldnt raise even half the amount of money which he needed. There was also the possibility of declaring bankruptcy, but this idea was quickly shelved as it would mean more difficulties for the state to borrow again; and borrowing on such grand scales was the reason for Frances economic turmoil in the first place. As Calonne himself put it:All the funds were empty, all public stocks were low, all circulation wasinterrupted; alarm was general and confidence destroyed.1As we can see Calonne clearly believed that the economic situation in France was in dire straights when he came to power in 1783. He remedied the situation b y continuing to borrow huge amounts of money. The idea here was for short term plans to help stimulate confidence and the economy by investing in public work schemes and new military projects. Calonne raised approximately over 420 million livres from 1783-87. Yet he could hardly go on borrowing for short term investments when clearly what was needed were long term plans to help France recover. What was then the comptroller-general to do in sorting out this dire financial situation? Especially when so many options were closed to him. Calonne himself even stated to Louis:I shall easily show that it is impossible to tax further, ruinous to be alwaysborrowing and not enough to confine ourselves to economical reforms the only effective remedy to take, the only true means of managing finally to put the finances truly in order, must consist in revivifying the entire State by recastingall that is vicious in the constitution.2Put simply, Calonne had come to realize that the financial problem s of France were so extraordinary, that they were beyond financial problems. What Calonne proposed to do was to rework the entire state: all institutions had to be revamped in order to save France from her financial crisis. He believed that the state needed comprehensive organization as a result he felt it necessary to reform the economy, the government and possibly society in France. Calonne states in his document to Loius:The disparity, the disaccord, the incoherence of the different parts of the monarchyis the principle of the constitutional vices which enervate its strength and hamperall its organization; one cannot destroy one of them without attacking them all.3Calonnes plan for financial revival consisted of two main long term parts. Firstly, came his plan to increase the revenue. Calonne proposed to restructure the administrative in order to organize better the royal finances. He argued what was needed was a reworking of the tax system. As a result, Calonne proposed to abol ish the vingtiemes and replace them with what he called a land tax. This land tax was permanent (unlike the vingtiemes) and there were to be no exceptions in paying this tax as the clergy and privileged had enjoyed with the vingtiemes. Calonne had calculated that this would increase the revenue by 35 million livres. Calonne knew the possibility of the land tax not proving popular so he proposed that the people who would bear the weight of it (the landowners) a role in its administration. As a result local assemblies were to erected for assessing the distribution of the tax and for its role in public works. Calonne stated:One cannot take a step through this vast kingdom without encounteringdifferent laws, conflicting customs, privileges, exemptionsrights andclaims of all kinds; and this dissonance, worthy of the barbarian centuriesor those of anarchy, complicates administration, clogs its wheels.4It is clear that Calonne believed the administration needed evening out and the issue of privilege was costing the state. The next step in Calonnes plan was to stimulate the economy even further. He planned to abolish the internal customs barrier, the corvee ( in which an extra tax would be its replacement) and to relax the governmental controls over grain trading. .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d , .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .postImageUrl , .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d , .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:hover , .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:visited , .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:active { border:0!important; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:active , .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue73935487c05a1072d6995a314d6e73d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parenting Children With Attention Deficit Disorder EssayBut as mentioned earlier, these were long term plans. Calonne also needed to find a quick short term solution in order to pay off government debts starting in 1787. His problem was that he needed to raise more short term loans on the basis that his calculated increase on tax revenue would provide the money in order to pay them back. Yet he needed to gain the confidence of the potential money lenders that his calculations were sufficient enough to restore order to the states finances. In order to do this, Calonne proposed what would turn out to be a huge misfire: he proposed to gather an assembly of Notables. This, hop ed Calonne, would gain great public support and hence install confidence in the potential loan lenders. This assembly of Notables and the clergy met for the first time in February 1787, and it was clear from the start that Calonne had miscalculated his ability to persuade the assembly he had especially underestimated the power of the clergy. The clergy were fiercely opposed to losing their place of privilege and the issue of the land tax, as well as being equally outraged on Calonnes proposal that the clergy should sell off some of its land and properties. Calonnes reasoning for this was that he believed the clergy would not be able to claim their tax exemption by justifying it helped the state by borrowing. Calonne boldly told the assembly:Yes, gentlemen abuses themselves constitute a source of wealth which the state hasa right to exploitThey are defended by self-interest, influence, wealth and ancient prejudices which seemed to be hallowed by time; but what are all thesecompared with the common good and necessity of the state?5It is clear from this passage that Calonne is totally against the idea of peivilege especially from tax exemption, which he believed was cost the state millions annually. Indeed, in his speech to the assembly Calonne refers to them as abuses and not privileges a clear indication of his view point. He continues by speech by agitating the assembly even further:Such are the abuses which oppress the wealth-producing labouring class: the abuses of pecuniary privilege, exceptions to the general rule, and so many unjustexemptions which can only relieve one section of taxpayers by aggravating the condition of the others.6What Calonne is proposing during this speech is quite extraordinary for the Notables. We can see here that Calonne is not holding back when he told Loius that to fix the financial crisis it would take a complete reworking of the administration and the way of society itself. Essentially, calonne was proposing a radical chang e to sort the financial problems out; arguably the assembly were not quite sure of what to make at such changes. In his speech Calonne talks about the abolishing of the corvee and the plans to introduce free grain trading, as well as placing emphasis on the issue of the land tax. Calonne stated:Next His Majesty brought all his personal attention to bear on establishing thesame principle of uniformityin the distribution of the land taxhe recognizedthatthe vingtiemes, instead of being assessed as they should be on all the land inhis kingdom in true proportion to the value of the crop, suffer an infinity of exceptions which are tolerated rather than regarded as legitimatethat the results of this general taxserve only to demonstrate the offensive inequality between their various contributions.7In shorter words, Calonne was simply stating that the land tax would replace the varying vingtiemes as a more evenly distributed, fairer tax. Despite all of these proposals in his speech to the assembly, Calonne made one vital mistake. Despite claiming that loss of privileges could increase the revenue, and that a new fairer, more carefully monitored tax system was needed, Calonne failed to produce any accounts or figures on this so called financial crisis in which he was claiming. How could the assembly vote for such radical reforms when they didnt even have access to the accounts that Calonne was preaching about? Calonne realized that if were to persuade the increasingly obstinate and cynical assembly, then he would have to give access to the accounts declaring the states financial condition. The problem with the Notables was that they realized how bad the financial situation was, but they mistrusted Calonne and were sceptical of his solutions to the problem. Yet the Notables agreed on the issue of a more evenly distributed tax system; and they had no quarrel over free grain trading and the abolition of internal customs barriers. Yet they still had huge doubts over the issue of the land tax. It would be unfair to suggest that the Notables were simply in defence of their privilege or that the assembly was a mechanism in which to humiliate Calonne. The Notables did have genuine concerns over Calonnes proposals. They argued that Louis XVI could only ask for a limited, specific amount of money to meet the requirements. One Notable commented:The King does not have the competence to institute a percentage tax but to onlyask for a fixed sum to meet specific requirements. Such a tax could not be accepted by the parlements, who possess only a subsidiary and fiduciary powerin the absence of the Estates-GeneralAn Assembly of Notables which gave its blessing to the institution of such a tax would be exceeding its powers and would be dishonoured in the eyes of the nation.8It is evident here that the Notables are not merely acting on selfish grounds. Rather they do have great fears over Calonnes land tax proposa ls. Essentially, they see it as unconstitutional. Yet by now Calonne had dismissed such criticisms. Despite needing a large amount of support from the assembly to give the go ahead on such radical reforms (and not getting it), Calonne publicly claimed that the Louis was more than happy to see the Notables and Calonne embracing in such good cooperation. This outraged the assembly and was yet another foolish move for Calonne again shooting himself in the foot. He also refused to involve the Estates-General despite cries from the assembly for him to do so. Yet the issue of the land tax was still a burden even for Louis. Despite the opposition of the Notables, Louis still supported Calonnes plan fore the land tax. In a conversation between Louis and Castries, the King stated:but I disagree with and I have thought about it a lot: the land tax is the mostjust and least onerous of taxes.9Yet Castries does not share the Kings enthusiasm for the tax:But so many agreements, rights, even abuses have arisen that what would have beenjustice wo uld not so be today. The collection of a tax in kind would be impossibleand would cost a quarter of its yield.10Despite the opposition to Calonne and the land tax, Louis stood firm. Yet Calonne was going to increasing lengths in order to secure the vote on his financial proposals. His next move was to gain the backing of public opinion. If Calonne could not persuade the Notables then perhaps the opinion of the public could. The comptroller-general published a text on his plans for the land tax and provincial assemblies. He accompanied it with the Avertissement : a presumptuous piece which attacked the Notables. The Avertissement claimed that the Notables were acting out of self-interest by wanting to hold on to their privileges, rather than acting in the good of the nation. To insure it gained good circulation it was published free. Yet it was a complete disaster fro Calonne. The public totally ignored the issue over prilege and instead wound themselves up with, what they saw as, mo re tax for them. The public layed blame with Calonne himself for the financial troubles of France, as not so long before the miracle worker Necker had declared everything was alright when he was in charge of finances. A passage in the Avertissement read:People will pay more! Doubtless, but who? Only those who do not pay enough; they will pay what they owe as a fair proportion and no one will be wronged.11Yet, for the pubic they most likely read the first four words of the article and as a result refused to support a comptroller-general who was going to make them pay more. .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 , .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .postImageUrl , .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 , .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:hover , .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:visited , .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:active { border:0!important; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:active , .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28 .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9157802c7365e2725de9c040171b8f28:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artifact Speech Sample EssayAs for the Notables they were outraged. For them it was the final straw. Calonne had gone to far with this pompous and inflammatory publication. In regards to the Notables refusal to give support to the land tax, Calonne wrote:It would be doing the nation an injustice and showing it a lack of understandingto doubt for a moment the coincidence between its desires and those of a kingwhom it cherishes and whom it sees animated solely by the wish to make hispeople happy.12This was quite a brave move for Calonne to take. And quite foolish as well: As he could not muster up the public opinion that he was banking on there was no way he could rely on th e Notables to support him. Calonnes credibility was torn asunder, and the Notables dutifully called for his resignation. This is evident in the following conversation between Louis and Castries:Castries: I do not know if your Majesty knows what is going on, the way in whichM. de Calonnes scandalous pamphlet (the Avertissement) has beendistributed throughout Paris and the indignation it has caused?Louis: Yes, I know: all that has been exaggerated. Castries: How can one exaggerate seditiously distributing it to all the cures of Paris and disseminating it amongst all the people? Would your Majesty not Be alarmed to see his subjects worked up against each other? I must warn Your Majesty that things are going to become more and more difficult forhim because of the increasing out cry against his controller-general.Louis: All that is the work of intrigue.Castries: What we must provide for, sire, is the debt of the stateI much doubtThat it can be done by the means M. de Calonne is employing.13Here we can see the discontent for Calonne from the Notables. It is obvious that the assembly is not going to solve the major issues of Frances financial crisis. Louis though, as is evident in his conversation with Castries, was reluctant to abandon his comtroller-general or his proposals. Louis faced a bombardment of people all recommending that Calonne be dismissed from his duties. Ministers, the clergy, the Notables, members of the royal fami ly all persuaded Louis to denounce Calonne. In the end Louis had to face either losing his comptroller-general, whom had managed to persuade the king with a series of blistering economic reforms, or the Notables. Louis opted that it was better to keep the Notables on his side and as a result dismissed Charles Alexandre de Calonne as comptroller-general. Yet there still remained the proverbial headache of a financial crisis. No problems had been sorted since Calonnes dismissal and the Notables (still demanding that the Estates-General be brought in to the equation) were increasingly losing confidence in their king. So to avoid royal bankruptcy and to regain the confidence and control of the Notables, Louis appointed Lomenie de Brienne first minister. As we can see the clash between the Notables and Calonne was a bitter divided one. But it could be argued that it was Calonne himself who brought his own downfall. Despite his daring, radical reforms to stimulate the French economy and avoid it from bankruptcy, Calonne made a number of errors in his summoning of the Assembly of Notables. First was his own misjudgement in being able to control such an assembley when his ideas were so radical and unorthodox. He underestimated the power of the clergy, and would have been foolish not to have for seen their disapproval regarding feudal rights and loss of privilege. Next came his ability not to listen to the constructive criticisms aimed at the land tax. Perhaps as this was the centrepiece of his proposals, Calonne felt insulted by the Notables whose only other solution, it seemed, was to involve the Estates-General. And then there was the Avertissement: a foolish publication that lay blame to the Notables for hindering the recovery of Fra nces finances. If only Calonne could have seen that the Notables were acting out of concern and not self-interest. He constantly used the argument of privilege against the Notables and in the end it backfired. All in all then I would argue that it was Calonnes presumption that lead to the impossible conditions of him and the Notables working together. Yet Frances financial problems remained and in just over a year or two it would arguably lead to the collapse of the Ancien Regime.

Purgatorius - Facts and Figures

Purgatorius - Facts and Figures Name: Purgatorius (after Purgatory Hill in Montana); pronounced PER-gah-TORE-ee-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six inches long and a few ounces Diet: Probably omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; primate-like teeth; ankle bones adapted to climbing trees About Purgatorius Most of the prehistoric mammals of the late Cretaceous period looked pretty much the samesmall, quivering, mouse-sized creatures that spent most of their lives high up in trees, the better to avoid rampaging raptors and tyrannosaurs. On closer examination, though, especially of their teeth, its clear that these mammals were each specialized in their own distinct way. What set Purgatorius apart from the the rest of the rat pack is that it possessed distinctly primate-like teeth, leading to speculation that this tiny creature may have been directly ancestral to modern-day chimps, rhesus monkeys, and humansall of whom had the chance to evolve only after the dinosaurs went extinct and opened up some valuable breathing room for other types of animals. The trouble is, not all paleontologists agree that Purgatorius was a direct (or even distant) precursor of primates; rather, it may have been an early example of the closely related group of mammals known as plesiadapids, after the most famous member of this family, Plesiadapis. What we do know about Purgatorius is that it lived high up in trees (as we can infer from the structure of its ankles), and that it managed to straddle the K/T Extinction Event: fossils of Purgatorius have been discovered dating both to the late Cretaceous period and the early Paleocene epoch, a few million years later. Most likely, this mammals arboreal habits helped rescue it from oblivion, making accessible a new source of food (nuts and seeds) at a time when most non-tree-climbing dinosaurs were starving to death on the ground.

Dock Line Terms and Best Practices for Securing Your Boat

Dock Line Terms and Best Practices for Securing Your Boat Plenty of poorly secured boats have floated away from the dock after a shift in weather or tide. It happens to everyone once, but after the first time, youll want to learn the basics. To understand how to tie a boat up securely, you need to understand basic boat architecture and terms. These are quite basic, so most of you may already know many of these terms. However, it never hurts to review them. Lets start with the two basic lines that hold each boat to the tying fixtures on the dock. If you are tying to a buoy then you want to review mooring basics since our current discussion is about tying to docks. Bow Line The bow line runs from a cleat or chock and over the forward gunwale, where the line should be fitted with a chafe guard. The line is then finally secured to the tying fixture on the dockside which could be a cleat, bollard, post, or ring. The knot required will vary according to the tie point. Stern Line The stern line is attached to the stern tying fixture that is closest to the dock. Securing the stern from the outboard tying fixture or a central bit is not recommended since it will be more difficult to retain tension. A chafe guard can also be used here, but the stern line moves over the gunwale much less than at the bow. In situations where the boat is in a slip or berth, then the second set of lines is attached to hold the boat in a central position. Lines should be tied tightly unless a spring line is used. Spring Lines A single spring line makes a boat much more secure, so its highly recommended. There are two types of spring lines: forward springs and aft springs. The name of a spring line refers to which direction it is traveling when leaving the boat. So a forward spring travels from the stern forward from one-half to one-third of the vessel length before being secured to the dock. The forward spring brings the stern of the boat close to the face wall by pulling forward. An aft spring line travels from the bow or forward gunwale back to the dock with a length about half the length of the vessel. An aft spring is best rigged after a forward spring to keep tension even throughout all lines. Spring lines are useful to keep winds that are parallel to the dock from pulling the vessel away from its position. Tides and Tying There are plenty of devices of various qualities made to secure boats against tidal forces, but your regular dock lines will do the job if you know how to rig them correctly. Bow and stern lines need to be long enough to slack and keep the vessel from pulling the tying fixtures free. In some cases, boats can sink from poor tidal planning, so be careful and check the tide charts for your area. Spring lines will keep the vessel in position horizontally as long as they are set to the correct length, which should be barely tight at low tide.

How does the regular exercise may help an individual in maintaining Essay

How does the regular exercise may help an individual in maintaining healthy body and mind - Essay Example People who participate in regular activity have less risk of developing many diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart diseases and even stroke. According to Hardman and Stensel (2009), the ancient Greek physicians successfully established the tradition of maintaining positive health of a regimen that involves exercise and correct eating. Contrary to the modern world, people are using technology rather than eating healthy and taking part in physical activity. However, a few people work in places that involve little exercise. The responsibility of living a healthy lifestyle and encouraging others to do so should not only be done by concerned individuals, but the government as well (c3 collaborating for health, 2011). Participating in regular exercise has a number of benefits. Some of these benefits of regular exercise help in protecting individuals from developing high blood pressure, which can later lead to stroke. Physical exercise enhances heart muscles, lowers the levels of cholesterol to enhance the flow of blood. Exercise helps in extremely reducing the risk of heart diseases, regular exercise has also been linked to helping protect against the second type diabetes by enhancing the loss of weight, increase the insulin sensitivity for the person, and improve the cholesterol and blood sugar levels in the body. The chances of cancer, especially breast and colon cancer can also be reduced by participating in regular exercise. Physical exercise helps people to lose excessive weight. Regular activities can also enhance the memory of an individual. It reduces the risk of depression and ensures healthy lifestyles.